On the base of studying imaging theory of lens , the imaging theory of laser confocal scanning microscopy was analyzed in detail in this paper , and the advancement of that the optical fiber was applied to the system was described ; on the base of completed the demonstration for whole project , the experiment scheme was designed ; the relationship between the main parameters of key devices and the resolution was deduced , and the requirements of coupling efficiency and vignetting effects to optical system was analyzed ; the design of optical system and the planar scanning controlling circuit was completed ; a new method was put forward to resolved the inherent non - liner scanning problem of the galvanometer scanner by using software liner controlling in circuit design , and the perfect planar scanning was realized ; at last the low noise , high multiple and non - distortion amplify circuit of photoelectric detector was completed 本文在透鏡成像理論的基礎(chǔ)上,系統(tǒng)、深入地分析了共焦掃描顯微成像的機(jī)理,論述了應(yīng)用單模光纖的激光共焦掃描顯微成像系統(tǒng)的優(yōu)點;進(jìn)行了總體方案的論證,并設(shè)計確定了單模光纖激光共焦掃描顯微成像系統(tǒng)的總體方案;從理論上推導(dǎo)分析了分辨率要求與試驗系統(tǒng)中相關(guān)器件主要參數(shù)之間的關(guān)系,分析了系統(tǒng)耦合效率和漸暈現(xiàn)象對光學(xué)系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計要求;完成了方案中光學(xué)系統(tǒng)和二維掃描控制電路的設(shè)計,并在電路設(shè)計中采用了用軟件解決檢流計式光學(xué)掃描器(振鏡)非線性問題的新方法,能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)較為理想的二維模擬掃描;完成了高增益、低噪聲和低失真的探測接收系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計和調(diào)試。